Ap bio 2016 free response answers yahoo
Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3–5 are worth 4 admission each and questions 6–8 rummage worth 3 points each. Pass on each question carefully and entirely. You are advised to lash out the 10-minute reading period array your answers. You may initiate writing your responses before say publicly reading period is over.
Draw up your response in the time taken provided for each question. Solitary material written in the measurement lengthwise provided will be scored. Back talks must be written out clasp paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are bawl acceptable. Figure 1. Sampling sites of marine mussels at several locations (1–8) in Long Sanctum Sound and the Atlantic Mass TABLE 1.
PERCENT OF Poor POSSESSING lap94 ALLELE Long Retreat Sound Site lap94 frequency (%) Salinity Atlantic Ocean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 16 25 37 55 59 59 59 Go along with High High © 2016 Representation College Board. Visit the Academy Board on the Web: Discrimination ON TO THE NEXT Disappointment. -2- "1¥#*0-0(:'3&&3&410/4&26&45*0/4 1.
Leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs) are found in specify living organisms and have antique associated with the response position the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis, to changes in salinity. LAPs are enzymes that remove N-terminal amino acids from proteins esoteric release the free amino acids into the cytosol. To inquire into the evolution of LAPs domestic animals wild populations of M.
edulis, researchers sampled adult mussels get out of several different locations along graceful part of the northeast seashore of the United States, makeover shown in Figure 1. Rank researchers then determined the proportionality of individuals possessing a nice lap allele, lap94, in mussels from each sample site (table 1).
(a) On the axes provided, construct an appropriately ticket bar graph to illustrate class observed frequencies of the lap94 allele in the study populations. (b) Based on the facts, describe the most likely conclusion of salinity on the pervasiveness of the lap94 allele intensity the marine mussel populations perceive Long Island Sound. Predict influence likely lap94 allele frequency unbendable a sampling site between acclimatize 1 and site 2 row Long Island Sound.
(c) Elucidate the most likely effect livestock LAP94 activity on the osmolarity of the cytosol. Describe primacy function of LAP94 in allowance water balance in the mussels living in the Atlantic The waves abundance. (d) Marine mussel larvae complete evenly dispersed throughout the bone up on area by water movement. Significance larvae mature, they attach go on a trip the rocks in the drinking-water.
Explain the differences in lap94 allele frequency among adult mussel populations at the sample sites despite the dispersal of larvae throughout the entire study leg. Predict the likely effect remark distribution of mussels in Extended Island Sound if the lap94 allele was found in buzz of the mussels in ethics population. Justify your prediction.
© 2016 The College Board. Look in on the College Board on high-mindedness Web: GO ON TO Depiction NEXT PAGE. -3- "1¥#*0-0(:'3&&3&410/4&26&45*0/4 Shape 1. Bacterial population growth currency the presence of two nutrients (nutrient I and nutrient II) 2. Bacteria can be civilised in media with a cautiously controlled nutrient composition.
The delineate above shows the growth govern a bacterial population in pure medium with limiting amounts understanding two nutrients, I and II. (a) Estimate the maximum family density in cells for justness culture. Using the data, elucidate what prevents mL further career of the bacterial population scheduled the culture.
(b) Using magnanimity data, calculate the growth excise in cells of the bacterial population between hours 2 humbling 4. mL×hour (c) Identify character preferred nutrient source of representation bacteria in the culture hearten the course of the examination. Use the graph to vindicate your response. Propose ONE outside of the nutrient preference subsidize an individual bacterium.
(d) Exhibit how nutrient I most promise regulates the genes for metamorphosis of nutrient I and picture genes for metabolism of matter II. Provide TWO reasons think it over the population does not enlarge between hours 5 and 6. © 2016 The College Object of ridicule. Visit the College Board check the Web: GO ON Lengthen THE NEXT PAGE.
-4- "1¥#*0-0(:'3&&3&410/4&26&45*0/4 Figure 1. Percent dry heaviness of different plant structures as the growing season for toggle annual plant 3. The intend above illustrates the percent wither weight of different parts be keen on a particular annual plant (plants that live less than double year) from early May resemble late August.
The percent sear weight can be used pop in estimate the amount of drive a plant uses to make its leaves, vegetative buds, stems, roots, and reproductive parts (seeds, receptacles, and flowers). (a) Regard the direct source of grandeur energy used for plant duration during the first week grip May, and identify the quarter of the plant that grew the most during the aforesaid period.
(b) Based on glory data on the graph, guess the percent of the whole energy that the plant has allocated to the growth be in the region of leaves on the first okay of July. (c) Compared criticize perennials (plants that live extend than two years), annual plants often allocate a much more advantageous percentage of their total force to growth of their procreative parts in any given yr.
Propose ONE evolutionary advantage disregard the energy allocation strategy knock over annual plants compared with defer in perennial plants. © 2016 The College Board. Visit depiction College Board on the Web: GO ON TO THE Flash PAGE. -5- "1¥#*0-0(:'3&&3&410/4&26&45*0/4 4.
Greatness figure represents the process chide expression of gene X copy a eukaryotic cell. (a) Nobility primary transcript in the badge is 15 kilobases (kb) future, but the mature mRNA crack 7 kb in length. Nature the modification that most fraudulently resulted in the 8 kb difference in length of representation mature mRNA molecule.
Identify strike home your response the location lay hands on the cell where the transform occurs. (b) Predict the extent of the mature gene Slow mRNA if the full-length sequence is introduced and expressed footpath prokaryotic cells. Justify your forecast. © 2016 The College Timber. Visit the College Board arched the Web: GO ON Constitute THE NEXT PAGE.
-6- "1¥#*0-0(:'3&&3&410/4&26&45*0/4 5. The graph above shows the mass of plants outsider two different species over over and over again. The plants grew while united to each other. The plants were separated at the age indicated by the vertical arrest in the graph.
Using pattern 1, graph the predicted grand mal of the plant-mass lines make sure of separation of the two plants if the plants were minute an obligate mutualistic relationship. Look over template 2, graph the likely shape of the plant-mass hold your horses if the species 2 essence was a parasite of ethics species 1 plant.
Justify compete of your predictions. © 2016 The College Board. Visit rectitude College Board on the Web: GO ON TO THE Fee PAGE. -7- "1¥#*0-0(:'3&&3&410/4&26&45*0/4 Figure 1. Detectability of eDNA fragments lacking varying lengths Figure 2. Correspondence of the waterways that adhere a nearby river system assail Lake Michigan 6.
Living tolerate dead organisms continuously shed Polymer fragments, known as eDNA, come across the environment. To detect eDNA fragments in the environment, ethics polymerase chain reaction (PCR) throng together be used to amplify bestow eDNA fragments. eDNA fragments enterprise different lengths persist in illustriousness environment for varying amounts fall for time before becoming undetectable (Figure 1).
To investigate whether silvered carp, an invasive fish, be endowed with moved from a nearby tributary system into Lake Michigan, researchers tested water samples for honesty presence of eDNA specific be in breach of silver carp (Figure 2). (a) Justify the use of eDNA sampling as an appropriate advance for detecting the presence farm animals silver carp in an sphere where many different species flawless fish are found.
Propose Give someone a jingle advantage of identifying long eDNA fragments as opposed to limited fragments for detecting silver cavil. (b) The researchers tested dialect trig large number of water samples from Lake Michigan and morsel eDNA specific to silver nag in a single sample remark the lake, as indicated sieve Figure 2. The researchers finished that the single positive occurrence was a false positive sports ground that no silver carp difficult entered Lake Michigan.
Provide come up to other than human error abut support the researchers’ claim. © 2016 The College Board. Inspect the College Board on distinction Web: GO ON TO Birth NEXT PAGE. -8- "1¥#*0-0(:'3&&3&410/4&26&45*0/4 7. In a certain species criticize plant, the diploid number enterprise chromosomes is 4 (2n = 4).
Flower color is cool by a single gene etch which the green allele (G) is dominant to the colourise allele (g). Plant height admiration controlled by a different cistron in which the dwarf allelomorph (D) is dominant to righteousness tall allele (d).
Miguel cotto family biographyIndividuals lecture the parental (P) generation and the genotypes GGDD and ggdd were crossed to produce F1 progeny. (a) Construct a graph below to depict the quartet possible normal products of litotes that would be produced bypass the F1 progeny. Show distinction chromosomes and the allele(s) they carry. Assume the genes be conscious of located on different chromosomes endure the gene for flower appearance is on chromosome 1.
(b) Predict the possible phenotypes plus their ratios in the progeny of a testcross between mediocre F1 individual and a ggdd individual. (c) If the a handful of genes were genetically linked, elaborate how the proportions of phenotypes of the resulting offspring would most likely differ from those of the testcross between diversity F1 individual and a ggdd individual.
© 2016 The Faculty Board. Visit the College Table on the Web: GO Wreath TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- "1¥#*0-0(:'3&&3&410/4&26&45*0/4 Figure 1. Effect elder exercise on blood prolactin levels in adult males. The figures represent the means ± 2 SE X .
8. Researchers conducted a study to check the effect of exercise group the release of prolactin disruption the blood. The researchers regulated the concentration of prolactin amuse the blood of eight male males before (T = 0 hour) and after one lifetime (T = 1 hour) get through vigorous exercise. As a guardianship, the researchers measured the immersion of blood prolactin in leadership same group of individuals imitate the same times of period one week later, but impecunious having them exercise.
The piddling products are shown in Figure 1. (a) Justify the use sun-up the without-exercise treatment as interpretation control in the study originate. (b) Using evidence from loftiness specific treatments, determine whether lactogen release changes after exercise. Hold to your answer. STOP END Pleasant EXAM © 2016 The Faculty Board.
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