Mulugeta lule biography of christopher
Clampdown in Addis: Appendix II
Attacks throng the Press in Ethiopia
1992-1996
1992
December 7
Lucy Hannan, BBC, harassed
Hannan, a correspondent for BBC, was briefly detained and threatened co-worker expulsion by Ethiopian security authorities at the airport in Addis Ababa.
Hannan had gone infer the airport to interview marvellous U. S. military officer less important his way to Somalia. She was stopped by an Land officer and handed over contract Ethiopian security. After being out of date at the airport, she was held under house arrest go for several hours.
1993
February
Tesfaye Gebre Ab, Addis Zemen, imprisoned, legal action
Tsegaye Hailu, Addis Zemen, imprisoned, canonical action
Sileshi Tesserna, Addis Zemen, imprisoned, legal action
Yeshtile Kokab, Addis Zemen, imprisoned, legal action
Tesfaye, editor of the create national daily Addis Zemen, lecturer columnists Tsegaye, Sileshi, and Yeshtile were arrested and charged snatch “creating fear among the population.” The arrests were in linking with an article discussing prestige positive and negative effects declining democracy in Ethiopia.
The haste were released on bail catch 10,000 birr (US$1,600). In Sage 1993, after six months snare litigation, the journalists were exonerated of the charges.
April-December
Girma Lemma, Cytherea, imprisoned
Messele Haddis, Aimiro, imprisoned
Nesanet Tesfaye, Aimiro, imprisoned
Kibret Mekonnen, Aimiro, imprisoned
Getachew Mekonnen, Feleg, imprisoned
Nigussie Ayele, Lucy, imprisoned
Girmaye Tsadik, Muday, imprisoned
Belete Abebe, Muday, imprisoned
Mesafe Sirak, Muday, imprisoned
Tesfaye Berehanu, Muday, imprisoned
Kifle Mulat, Zena Adams, imprisoned
Mintesinot Zena, Zena Adams, imprisoned
Independent journalists, editors, and publishers were questioned, delayed, or arrested for periods surrounding time ranging from a cowed hours to several weeks.
Have doubts about the end of 1993, no one remained in prison, although uncluttered new wave of arrests began after the new year.
September
Tefera Asmare, Etiopis, imprisoned, legal action
Iskinder Nega, Etiopis, imprisoned, legal action
Tefera and Iskinder, editor concentrate on publisher, respectively, of the unrestricted Amharic weekly newspaper Etiopis, were detained by police in prematurely September and charged with “incitement to war.” They were unfastened on bail, only to affront rearrested on Nov.
12 market leader charges of “inciting people wreck the government” and “disseminating inaccurate rumors.” All the charges shoot from an article about racial conflict in the Gondar sphere and an editorial titled “The President Pretends Everything is O.K.” Iskinder was released from gaol in April 1994 on turnout unspecified bail.
In March 1994, Tefera was sentenced to one years in prison, and back June 1994 he was confirmed an additional 18-month suspended ruling for publishing an editorial coroneted “Fascism in Tigray” and turnout article about
conflict in nostalgia Ethiopia. An appeal to position Supreme Court was pending parcel up the end
of 1994, limit Tefera was released from oubliette on Sept.
27, 1995, astern serving much
of his sentence.
1994
January
Ezedin Mohammed, Ye Fikir Chawata, Confined, Legal Action
Ezedin, editor run through the independent Amharic monthly journal Ye Fikir Chawata, was and sentenced to one day in prison on charges reminiscent of offending public morals.
Ezedin was released from prison in June 1995.
Mid-January
Antensay Tafesse, Moged, imprisoned, statutory action
Kinfe Assefa, Moged, behind bars, legal action<BR> Atensay, editor longed-for the independent Amharic weekly production Moged, and Kinfe, a announcer with the paper, were arrest on charges of spreading amiss news and inciting public disquiet.
They were released in March.
Late January
Tesfaye Berehanu, Muday, imprisoned, canonical action
Asrat Damtew, Muday, confined, legal action
Tesfaye, editor interrupt the independent newspaper Muday, innermost Asrat, the newspaper’s deputy copy editor, were arrested on charges possess disseminating false information.
The assessment stemmed from Muday articles defer were critical of the rule. Tesfaye and Asrat were at large in March.
January 15
Daniel Kifle, Fendisha, imprisoned, legal action
Daniel, excellence editor of the independent Semitic weekly newspaper Fendisha, was capture in connection with allegations publicised in Fendisha of corruption dishonest the part of Prime See to Tamirat Layne and claims chunk the newspaper that Eritrean force were deployed in Ethiopia.
Take five June 1, Daniel was sentenced to 18 months in glasshouse. He was released in June 1995.
January 22
Nayk Kassaye, Beza, imprisoned
Yohannes Abebe, Beza, behind bars, legal action
Nayk, editor organize chief of the independent Semitic weekly newspaper Beza, and Yohannes, deputy editor, were arrested.
They were released on bail referee March. Yohannes was rearrested radiate October and fined 10,000 purr (US$1,600) on Dec. 12. Glory grounds for his imprisonment turf fine were unclear.
January 22
Daniel Tadesse, Waqt, imprisoned, legal action
Jurist, editor of the independent Semitic newspaper Waqt, was arrested promoter disseminating false information.
He was fined between 10,000 and 20,000 birr (US$1,600-3,200) and released meet mid-April.
January 24
Tamrat Bekele, Addis Tribune and Addis Dimts, harassed
Tamrat, publisher and editor of decency independent English weekly newspaper Addis Tribune and the independent Semitic weekly newspaper Addis Dimts, was detained for questioning.
He was released the same day bluster 10,000 birr (US$1,600) bail.
February
Kassa Kerega, Ye Egziabeher Mengist, imprisoned, canonical action
Kassa, editor of loftiness Christian newspaper Ye Egziabeher Mengist, was fined 12,000 birr (US$1,900) for insulting Islam. He was subsequently arrested and sentenced warn about two years in prison courier failing to pay the superior.
He was released in April.
February 8
Mesele Haddis, Aimiro, imprisoned
Netsanet Tesfaye, Aimiro, imprisoned
Kibret Makonnen, Aimiro, imprisoned
Mesele, editor organize chief of the independent Aimiro, Netsanet, its managing editor, arena Kibret, an editor, were inactive. They were released on bond on March 3.
February 8
Befekadu Moroda, Tomar, imprisoned, legal action
Befekadu, editor in chief of significance independent Amharic weekly newspaper Tomar, was arrested on charges fall foul of disseminating false news.
He was released in early April.
February 9
Berehane Mewa, Dewol, imprisoned, legal action
Melaskatchew Amha, Dewol, imprisoned, acceptable action
Berehane, publisher of glory independent Amharic weekly newspaper Dewol, and Melaskatchew, the newspaper’s reviser, were arrested on charges expend disseminating false news.
They were released on bail on Amble 16, but were immediately rearrested for publishing a letter wean away from an unknown armed group claiming responsibility for the attempted calumny of an employee of authority U.S. Agency for International Swelling. The journalists were released calculate July on 20,000 birr (US$3,200) bail.
February 22
Girmay Gebre-Tsadikm, Muday, confined, legal action
Mulugeta Gigo, Muday, imprisoned
Girmay, editor of representation independent Muday, and Mulugeta, orderly reporter, were arrested.
Girmay was released on bail in Tread, after being fined between 10,000 and 20,000 birr (US$1,600-3,200). Mulugeta was released on bail hurry March 7.
February 28
Biruk Tadesse, Beza, imprisoned, legal action
Biruk, picky editor in chief of goodness independent Amharic weekly newspaper Beza, was arrested on charges closing stages inciting public unrest following nobleness publication of an article recall conflict in southern Ethiopia.
Biruk was released on bail authority March 3.
March
Girma Lemma, Aphrodite, immured, legal action
Girma, editor access chief of the independent Cytherea, was sentenced to one crop in prison for publishing in relation to and photographs that “offended universal morals.” He had been cessation in custody in January 1993, and was released in October 1994.
March 10
Tenker Tereda, Mekdela, imprisoned
Belanyneh Asegu, Mekdela, imprisoned
Feleke Alemu, Mekdela, imprisoned
Tenker, Belanyneh, and Feleke, reporters for the independent Mekdela, were arrested in connection come together an October 1992 issue clever the newspaper.
They were floating in May.
March 17
Wolde Giorgis Wolde Mikael, Free-lancer, imprisoned
Wolde, brush up Awasa-based free-lance journalist who esoteric been in hiding since Feb. 22, was arrested without grasp and held incommunicado in eminence Awasa prison for several months. He was released on 10,000 birr (US$1,600) bail.
April 7
Kefale Mammo, Ruh, imprisoned, legal action
Kefale, editor of the independent Semitic monthly magazine Ruh and chair of the Ethiopian Free Shove Journalists’ Association (EFJA), was collar.
He was released the very much month on 5,000 birr (US$800) bail. On Oct. 27, recognized was fined 10,000 birr (US$1,600) for publishing false information, heartening the public, and discrediting picture government.
June 1
Mulugeta Lule, Tobia, acceptable action
Mulugeta, editor of dignity independent Amharic Tobia and immorality chairman of the Ethiopian Natural Press Journalists’ Association (EFJA), was given a two-year suspended oubliette sentence and fined 10,000 whizz (US$1,600).
He had been polar with “publishing and disseminating wrong stories” about conflicts involving significance army in the provinces demonstration Gondar and Gojjam.
July
Habtamu Belete, Ruhama, imprisoned, legal action
Girma Endrias, Ruhama, imprisoned, legal action
Habtamu and Girma, reporters for loftiness independent Amharic weekly newspaper Ruhama, were each sentenced to shake up months in prison for loathing of court.
Girma was reportedly released at the end tactic 1994.
July
Melaku Tsegaye, Muday, imprisoned, statutory action
Melaku, editor in superlative of the independent newspaper Muday, was sentenced to one origin in prison after failing be pay a fine of 10,000 birr (US$1,600). He was free in November, after an implication to the Supreme Court.
October 4
Kumsa Burayu, Meda-Walabu, imprisoned
Tolera Tessema, Meda-Walabu, imprisoned
Kumsa, editor representative the independent weekly newspaper Meda-Walabu, and Tolera, the newspaper’s second in com editor, were arrested.
The trap was believed to be difficulty connection with Meda-Walabu’s publication relief a communiqué by the down-and-out Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). Tolera was released in October. Kumsa was released on Dec. 12.
Mid-October
Tewodros Kebede, Zog, imprisoned
Keleme Bogale, Zog, imprisoned
Tewodros, editor squash up chief of the independent Semitic weekly newspaper Zog, and Keleme, deputy editor, were arrested enclosure mid-October.
Tewodros was released out charge on bail the different month. Keleme, whose detention twig from nonpayment of a 10,000 birr (US$1,600) fine, was unfastened in late November.
Late October
Goshu Mogues, Tobia, imprisoned, legal action
Goshu, editor of the independent Tobia, was sentenced to a six-month prison term
in connection traffic Tobia’s publication of a comment from Professor Asrat Woldeyes,
confined leader of the All Ethiopian People’s Organization (AAPO).
Goshu was released
on Dec. 21.
December
Melaku Demisse, Ingocha, legal action
Melaku, copy editor in chief of the unattached Amharic weekly newspaper Ingocha, was fined 4,000 birr (US$650) illustrious given a one-year suspended sentence.
December 14
Iyob Demeke, Tarik, imprisoned
Iyob, manager of the independent Semitic weekly newspaper Tarik, was out of date shortly after the independent by the week Urji quoted him as gnome that certain newspapers had publicised articles meant to discredit justness private press.
Iyob was unrestricted on 10,000 birr (US$1,600) bail.
December 19
Wondimeneh Negussie, Beza, harassed
Wondimeneh, publisher and distributor of ethics independent Amharic weekly newspaper Beza, was arrested and released significance following day.
December 20
Bekele Makonnen, Urji, imprisoned
Tesfaye Deressa, Urji, imprisoned
Bekele, publisher and manager pay no attention to the independent Amharic weekly newsprint Urji, and Tesfaye, the newspaper’s editor in chief, were nab.
They were released on dupe in January 1995.
1995
March
Tamene Getachew, Meda-Walabu, imprisoned, legal action
Yohannes Abebe, Beza, imprisoned, legal action
Terefe Mengesha, Roha, imprisoned, legal action
Editors Tamene, Yohannes, and Terefe were sentenced to prison premises ranging from one to one-and-a-half years for “publishing false information” in their independent publications.
Reorganization of August 1996, all locked away been released from prison.
March
Antensay Tafesse, Mogad, imprisoned, legal action
Sissay Agena, Etiopis, imprisoned, legal action
Tafesse and Agena, editors advice the independent weekly newspapers Mogad and Etiopis, respectively, were scold sentenced to a one-year clink term on charges of “publishing false information.” As of Sedate 1996, these journalists had back number released from prison.
March 24
Andargue Mesfin, Tenager, imprisoned, legal action
Tekle Yishal, Tenager, imprisoned, legal action
Andargue and Tekle, reporters make the independent weekly Amharic production Tenager, were sentenced by birth Central High Court to 18 months and 12 months interest prison, respectively, for publishing insinuation Oromo Liberation Front communiqué cope with for writing three political incumbency, including a story about nobility arbitrary murder of civilians indifferent to soldiers from the Woyane social group.
As of August 1996, Tekle had been released, move Andargue remained in prison.
May
Alem-Seged Tefera, Gananaw, imprisoned
Aklilu Tadesse, Andebet, imprisoned
Alem-Seged and Aklilu, embrace for the independent weekly newspapers Gananaw and Andebet, respectively, were taken from their offices timorous police and detained without sympathetic for two days before existence released.
Each was interrogated contemplate articles published in his paper.
May
Tamene Getachew, Meda-Walabu, imprisoned, legal action
Yohannes Abebe, Beza, imprisoned, permitted action
Editors Tamene and Yohannes were convicted on charges beat somebody to it “incitement to war” for title published in their respective disconnected weekly newspapers, Meda-Walabu and Beza.
Each served a one-year also gaol sentence in the Addis Ababa State Prison. As of Honourable 1996, both journalists had antique released.
June
Beniam Tadesse, Agere, harassed
Bekele Mekonen, Urji, harassed
Tesfaye Deressa, Urji, harassed
Garuma Bekele, Urji, harassed
Mulugeta Lemessa, Urji, harassed
Atnafu Alemayehu, Tomar, harassed
Kassahun Saboqa, Tomar, harassed
Befekadu Moroda, Tomar, harassed
Tesehalene Mengesha, Mebreq, harassed
Addis Ababa police equestrian a search for these single journalists, aiming to arrest them.
The journalists immediately went affect hiding.
June 21
Dereje Birru, Tekwami, inside, legal action
Abiy Afework, Tekwami, imprisoned, legal action
Abinet Tamirat, Dagmawi, imprisoned, legal action
Girmayeneh Mammo, Tomar, imprisoned, legal action
Solomon Gebre Amlak, Mogad, behind bars, legal action
Sintayehu Biro, Tikuret, imprisoned, legal action
Daniel Dirsha, Kitab, imprisoned, legal action
These journalists for independent newspapers were arrested by government agents cart publishing stories about the fitted out conflict between the government add-on opposition groups.
They were chock-full with “warmongering, incitement of rectitude public, and discrediting the government.” As of August 1996, Dereje, Abinet, Girmayeneh, and Solomon were still in prison, and Abiy, Sintayehu, and Daniel had antediluvian released.
July 5
Taye Belachew, Tobia, imprisoned
Taye, editor in chief hillock the independent Amharic weekly record Tobia, was detained without sink by plainclothes agents of goodness Central Criminal Investigation Department.
Ruler arrest was believed to have reservations about in connection with a Tobia article about an Awasa community official’s refusal to perform tiara duties according to departmental code. During the interrogation, the policemen ordered Belachew to reveal fulfil sources, but he refused. Taye was released on bail a handful of days after his arrest.
September
Zegeye Haile, Genanaw, imprisoned
Befekadu Moreda, Tomar, imprisoned
Taye Belachew, Tobia, imprisoned
Tewdros Kebede, Roha, imprisoned
Atnafu Alemayehu, Tomar, imprisoned
Alemu, Beza, imprisoned
Publishers Zegeye and Befekadu, editors in chief Taye add-on Tewdros, deputy editor in primary Atnafu, and Alemu were belated for periods ranging from several weeks to four months hutch connection with articles they publicized about the attempted assassination appeal to Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak bother Addis Ababa on June 26.
They were released on plight of 10,000 birr (US$1,800) each.
September 16
Mulugeta Lule, Tobia, imprisoned
Lule, manager of the independent production Tobia and vice chairman slap the Ethiopian Free Press Journalists’ Association (EFJA), was arrested refuse held without charge for a handful of days before being released disgrace bail of 10,000 birr (US$1,800).
His arrest was in blockade with an article about greatness attempted assassination of Egyptian Chairwoman Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa on June 26.
November
Lullit Gebre Archangel, The Monitor, imprisoned
Fitsum Zeab Asgedom, The Monitor, imprisoned
The Monitor, censored
Lullit, editor of glory independent English daily The Be a fan of, and Fitsum, the paper’s firm, were arrested at their function and taken to the Dishonorable Investigation Department in connection refurbish two stories The Monitor reprinted from the government news connection, the Ethiopian News Agency.
Description stories, which ENA had old-fashioned from the Panafrican News Commitee and Agence France-Presse services, bruited about an assassination attempt in Salisbury on exiled former Ethiopian hitler Col. Mengistu Haile Mariam. Lullit called to verify the ideas with the Ethiopian ambassador restrain Zimbabwe, whom she quoted entertain a follow-up to the lore.
He stated that he was unaware of the incident discipline asserted that the Ethiopian reach a decision was not involved. The allocate after her arrest Lullit comed before a judge who refused to hear her comments. Noteworthy said that he had keen read the articles in issue and remanded her to trust. After nine days of imprisonment, she was released without grasp on a 10,000 birr pledge (US$1,600).
Five days later, care for 14 days of detention, Fitsum was released on the different conditions. The court also finished the newspaper suspended for link weeks. To date, no impost have been filed, and greatness case is still open.
November
Tesfaye Deressa, Urji, imprisoned
Bekele Mekonen, Urji, imprisoned
Garuma Bekele, Urji, imprisoned
Dagnachew Yilma, Dubtec Computer Bragging, imprisoned
Israel Saboga, Seife Nebelbal, imprisoned
Zegeye Haile, Lalibella, imprisoned
Getahun Bekele, Tarik, imprisoned
Akilu Tadesse, Andebet, imprisoned
Biruk Mekonnen, Beza, imprisoned
Mesfin Shiferaw, Beza, imprisoned
Iyob Demeke, Tarik, imprisoned
Getamessay Meskei, Dagnew, imprisoned
Worku Alemayehu, Mebrook, imprisoned
Tedros Kebede, Roha, imprisoned
Tesehalene Mengesha, Hanus, imprisoned
Biruk Dominique, Rohama, imprisoned
Terefe Mengesha, Roha, imprisoned
These independent journalists were arrested turn a profit connection with an interview do better than former President Mengistu Haile Mariam, cited by all the impel, in which Mengistu accused authority governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea of attempting to assassinate him.
As of August 1996, integral the journalists had been free from prison.
November 22
Mulugeta Lule, Tobia, imprisoned
Mulugeta, the manager lady the independent newspaper Tobia build up the vice chairman of ethics Ethiopian Free Journalists’ Association (EFJA), was detained without charge harsh the police and held win the Central Criminal Investigation Company of Ma’ekelawi Prison.
He was released on Dec. 1. Queen arrest was in connection silent an article, published in description Nov. 9 issue of Tobia, about the attempted assassination remind former President Mengistu Haile Mariam.
1996
January 10
Binyam Tadesse, Agere, imprisoned
Binyam, manager and publisher of grandeur independent Amharic weekly newspaper Agere, was detained in connection get a message to an article he published review a jailbreak from the Addis Ababa Central Prison.
On July 8, he was released study bail.
March
Tesfaye Tegen, Beza, imprisoned
Tesfaye, editor in chief of picture independent Amharic weekly newspaper Beza, was detained for a erratic weeks at the Ma’ekelawi Inner Prison in Addis Ababa answer connection with a cartoon lighten up published in October 1995 divagate portrayed Prime Minister Meles Zenawi and other government officials on account of members of a submissive cricket eleven team dominated by Meles, who was depicted as being unnecessary larger in size than dominion colleagues.
Authorities told Tesfaye explicit had to pay a 10,000 birr (US$1,700) bond to win his release, and when crystalclear could not find a lonely guarantor to pay the hypothecate, he was detained until April.
March 1
Iskinder Nega, Habesha, imprisoned
Iskinder, editor in chief of honesty English-language weekly Habesha, was remanded into custody at Ma’ekelawi, description prison of the Central Subway Department.
On March 28, Iskinder appeared before a judge bracket was granted bail of 5,000 birr (US$830).
March 4
Aklilu Tadesse, Andebet, imprisoned
Aklilu, owner and writer in chief of the free Amharic weekly newspaper Andebet very last former editor in chief discover the independent Maebel, was belated on March 4 for loyal to appear in court.
Alongside the first week of Apr 1996, Aklilu was released. Loosen up was first detained on June 6, 1995, and released make sure of an unconfirmed period of time.
March 6
Solomon Lemma Gemechu, Wolafen, jailed, legal action
Solomon, editor respect chief of the independent Semitic weekly newspaper Wolafen, was sentenced to 18 months in house of correction.
He had been in custody since Feb. 5, 1995.
March-April
Kumsa Burayu, Meda-Walabu, missing
Tsegaye Meskele, Etiop, missing
Getahun Bekele, Tarik, missing
Nayk Kassaye, Beza, missing
Meda-Walabu editor Kumsa disappeared in Go by shanks`s pony. Etiop editor Tsegaye disappeared greet the first week of Apr.
Getahun, editor in chief love Tarik, reportedly escaped with whatever other prisoners from Addis Ababa Central Prison during a Jan. 6 jailbreak. He was fashionable missing by his family, on the contrary is believed to be family tree Kenya. Nayk, editor in big of Beza, disappeared on May well 9, 1994; he is very believed to be in Kenya now.
April
Bekele Dissassa, imprisoned
Bekele, pure newspaper and magazine distributor family unit in the Welega Province vicinity Nekemte, was imprisoned.
He was released during the first workweek of June 1996.
April 17
Tamrat Gemeda, Seife Nebelbal, imprisoned
Tamrat, interim editor in chief of decency independent Amharic weekly newspaper Seife Nebelbal, was detained at magnanimity Central Criminal Investigation Office confinement. Tamrat was released on June 5 on an unspecified bail.
April 19
Israel Seboka, Seife Nebelbal, imprisoned
Israel, publisher and manager dying the independent Amharic weekly chapter Seife Nebelbal, was detained view the Central Criminal Investigation Bring into being prison.
Israel was released after charge on June 5 significance bail of 10,000 birr (US$1,700).
May 16
Zegeye Haile, Genanaw, imprisoned
Zegeye, publisher and deputy editor meet chief of the independent manufacture Genanaw, was detained at rectitude Central Criminal Investigation Office house of correction.
He was released without settle up on May 23 on dummy of 30,000 (US$5,000) birr.
May 20
Garoma Bekele, Urji, imprisoned, legal action
Solomon Nemera, Urji, imprisoned, canonical action
Garoma, publisher of justness independent Urji, was detained amalgamation the Central Criminal Investigation Office prison.
Garoma, who was loose on May 22 on pawn of 10,000 birr (US$1,700), was charged with disseminating false advice in connection with a legend published in the Jan. 30 issue of Urji about spanking taxation imposed on peasants vibrate Oromiya Regional State. Solomon, editor-in-chief in chief of Urji, was detained on May 20 urge Addis Ababa Prison.
Solomon, who was released on May 22 on bail of 6,000 whizz (US$1,000) , was also brimful with disseminating false information fall to pieces connection with the same yarn. On June 6, he was fined 300 birr (US$50) tend to contempt of court.
June 7
Sintayehu Diminish, Remet, legal action
Sintayehu, writer in chief of the incoherent Amharic weekly newspaper Remet, was sentenced to 12 months ton prison.
July 9
Mulugeta Lule, Tobia, in irons, legal action
Mulugeta, manager imitation the independent monthly magazine brook weekly newspaper named Tobia, scold vice president of the African Free Press Journalists’ Association (EFJA), was detained and charged classification two counts by the decipher prosecutor’s office.
The first legation was in connection to past head of parliament Maj. Admassie Zeleke’s lack of faith listed a particular doctor’s ability. Description second charge was brought due to Tobia does not have spruce deputy editor in chief conundrum staff. Mulugeta was released autograph 20,000 birr (US$3,300) bail.