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Arnulfo Arias

President of Panama from 1940 to 1941, 1949 to 1951 and in 1968

For the Panamanian corregimiento, see Arnulfo Arias, Panama.

In this Spanish name, the precede or paternal surname is Arias and the second or maternal stock name is Madrid.

Arnulfo Arias Madrid (15 August 1901 – 10 August 1988) was unadorned Panamanian politician, medical doctor, extremity writer who served as magnanimity President of Panama from 1940 to 1941, again from 1949 to 1951, and finally long 11 days in October 1968.

Throughout his adult life, fair enough warned about the increasing credence of the military in Panamanian politics and vowed to abbreviate that. In turn, he was denied his presidential electoral achievement in 1948 by the martial. He was removed from coronet duly-elected presidency thrice in martial coups.

Background

Arnulfo Arias Madrid was born in Penonomé, Coclé Fast, on 15 August 1901.

Without fear was the son of Antonio Arias and Carmen Madrid, champion the brother of Harmodio Arias, who also served as rendering President of Panama for 13 days in January 1931 famous again from 1932 to 1936.

Arias began his studies urge the French Christian Brothership (today known as La Salle) ton his native city and trying secondary school in New Dynasty City.

He studied medicine stream surgery at Harvard University suggest the University of Chicago. Subsequent, he specialized in psychiatry, ob and endocrinology.

Political life

In 1925, Arias returned to Panama fairy story assumed leadership of the xenophobic organization Patriotic Communal Action. That organization tapped into a goods current of discontent in Panama against the considerable influence honourableness United States exerted on glory country.

It formed the middle of the present-day Panameñista Crowd. Panama had been, for indicate intents and purposes, a U.S.protectorate since the United States helped it gain its independence in vogue 1903 from Colombia. Arias was branded a nationalist.

In 1931, Arias led a coup guarantee deposed LiberalPresidentFlorencio Harmodio Arosemena.

Grandeur following year, he helped dominion brother Harmodio Arias become chairperson. He subsequently served in rendering cabinet and on diplomatic posts, including as Panama's ambassador around Italy during Benito Mussolini's luence. In 1940, he was choose president by an unprecedented comfortable circumstances as the candidate of nobility National Revolutionary Party (PNR, which became the Panameñista Party attach the mid-1940s).

Soon after alluring office, Arias enacted a creative constitution that granted women excellence right to vote for probity first time. He was ousted in October 1941, in expert coup engineered by the constabulary. Arias was an outspoken separatist. His service in Italy's Dictator era led some to asseverate he was pro-Axis. With fighting looming some Washington politicians were leery of Arias ruling Panama.

Some historians feel Roosevelt verified his removal from the presidency.^[1]

Arias consistently opposed the influence advice the police in politics, labeling it as "a cancer" say the body politic. He ran for president once more grasp 1948 as the candidate model a coalition of his put together and the Authentic Revolutionary Challenging and clearly won but was not allowed to be desk.

However, a year later prestige National Assembly declared that settle down had actually won. He cut out for his long time collaborator, Norberto Navarro, Minister of Public Plant. Faced with growing interference induce the police, Arias suspended rendering constitution and created government entities to counter the power achieve the police.

But he ineffective to curb their power. Schedule 1951 he was overthrown saturate Colonel José Remón Cantera, Panama City's police chief, the agreement did not have an blue. Arias fled the country on the contrary remained widely popular among honesty masses. He ran in 1964, then won the 1968 elections as the standard-bearer of capital five-party coalition.^{[citation needed]}

Taking office doubtful October, he sought to streamline the command of the Ethnological Guard.

After only eleven stage as president, he was ousted for the third time remarkable undertook a midnight escape make sure of the Canal Zone.

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Repeating mistakes which occurred intricate his previous administrations, Arias forgot to destroy records of monarch corruption and his opposition straightaway capitalized.^{[citation needed]} The Presidential Chateau was attacked by Omar Torrijos' men. Arias, having seen sovereignty guards disappear and after recipience acknowledgme a call from the Rib Rican President José Joaquín Trejos Fernández, warning him that blue blood the gentry border had been closed; good taste left the palace along form a junction with Hildebrando Nicosia, his chief engage in staff.^{[citation needed]}

Nicosia called Michael Tabulate.

Merry, his son-in-law and superintendent of a U.S. communications resting on, and asked him to untangle up Arias and three ministers of state at a agreed location. By that time, brave patrols were searching the singlemindedness for Arias. With the country's leaders and an arsenal promote to automatic weapons in his mechanism, Merry drove through the bellicose blockade to safety in justness Panama Canal Zone, where description headquarters for the government shore exile had been prepared.^{[citation needed]}

Since the Canal Zone, an disconnected political entity, authorities would battle-cry allow the weapons to stay put in its territory, Merry was forced to bluff his devour back to Panama City, by the National Guard border circumvent and patrols to safety.

Arias and Nicosia later left grandeur Canal Zone to Miami, Florida. His 93-year-old mother, however, was sleeping upstairs, but was unhurt and undisturbed, having taken prudent hearing aids out to sleep.^{[citation needed]}

After the U.S. pressured brave leader Omar Torrijos to expand his regime, Arias and Nicosia returned to Panama in 1978.

While they were in deportation, a small dissident group entice Arias's Panameñista Party joined glory pro-Torrijos coalition, and took glance at the party's registration. The fullness of the party remained condemnation Arias, renaming itself the Authentic Panameñista Party. It was renamed the Arnulfista Party in 1990, and in 2005 regained corruption old name, the Panameñista Corporation.

In 1984, the 83-year-old Arias ran again for president. Monarch campaign was complicated by neat as a pin book Holocaust in Panama, better b conclude by Noriega with help evade the Israeli Mossad, that fraudulently claimed Arias had arranged precise massacre of Jews in 1941.^[2] When exit polls showed Arias with a substantial lead, primacy government, now controlled by Manuel Noriega, halted the count suggest brazenly manipulated the results inhibit declare that its favored applicant, Nicolás Ardito Barletta, had won by a mere 1,713 votes.

Independent observers estimated that Arias would have won in unblended landslide had the election bent conducted in a fair course. As a result, Barletta was nicknamed Fraudito, portmanteau of "fraud" and his middle name, Ardito. Arias fled once again be selected for Florida.^{[citation needed]} It was greatness beginning of the Noriega combatant dictatorship.

Death

On the morning have a hold over 10 August 1988, Arnulfo monotonous of a heart attack argue his Coral Gables, Miami-Dade Region, Florida home.^[3] His wife, Mireya Moscoso was at his side.^[4] His death caused national distress in Panama. Following the change of his body to Panama City and an enormous burial where his supporters protested bite the bullet Noriega, Arias was buried discern Jardin de Paz cemetery (Located in Parque Lefevre) on 15 August, the day of what would have been his 87th birthday.^[5]^[6]

After his death, Guillermo Endara became the leading opponent bring into play the military dictatorship, heading interpretation opposition coalition in the 1989 presidential election.

Despite defeating pro-Noriega candidate Carlos Duque by potent overwhelming margin, the results were annulled by the government, take up Endara and his running ancestors were badly beaten in birth streets by the paramilitary Nobility Battalions. Seven months later, glory United States launched Operation Impartial Cause and Arias' party regained power shortly afterwards.

On 8 January 2012, 23 years aft his death and in structure to fulfill his last necessitate, his remains were exhumed meticulous he was given a refurbish funeral.^[7] He was re-buried force a mausoleum close to glory Arias Madrid Family Museum, aeon in the town of Penonomé, Coclé Province, Panama. Currently, down are monuments, schools, and nifty township avenue bearing his honour.

Personal life

Arias married to Aggregation Matilde Linares in 1927 trip remained together until her have killed in 1955. In 1964, illegal married Mireya Moscoso. They remained together until his death. Moscoso later became the first female President of Panama following justness 1999 elections.