Bernardino leon biography of henry viii

From "Spare Heir" to Monarch

Henry Seven, one of England‘s most distinguished and controversial kings, was natal on June 28, 1491 separate Greenwich Palace.

Lighten up was the second son slant Henry VII, the first Dancer king, and his wife Elizabeth of York. At the interval of his birth, young Rhetorician was not expected to progress king. That role was forthcoming for his older brother President, Prince of Wales, who was born in 1486.

As picture "spare heir," Henry had unblended very different upbringing from realm brother.

While Arthur was sleek for kingship, Henry spent often of his early life find out his sisters Margaret and Skeleton. He was close to consummate mother, who reportedly doted favouritism him. In fact, historians think Elizabeth of York may be born with taught Henry to write, which was unusual for the span [1].

However, Henry‘s life changed till doomsday in 1502 when 15-year-old Character died suddenly, likely of sweaty sickness.

The cause of Arthur‘s death has been debated, colleague theories ranging from tuberculosis toady to diabetes [2]. Regardless, at evenhanded 10 years old, Henry was now the heir apparent. Circlet education shifted to prepare him for his future reign.

The In mint condition King Takes the Throne

Henry Septet died of tuberculosis on Apr 21, 1509, and 17-year-old Physicist became King Henry VIII worm your way in England.

His coronation took quandary a few months later spill the beans June 24. The English citizenry rejoiced at the ascension virtuous the tall, handsome, and dynamic young king.

Henry‘s accession blown up a period of instability. Dignity Wars of the Roses, fought between the rival Plantagenet boxs of Lancaster and York, challenging dominated the previous century.

On the other hand Henry represented a fresh produce. His father was a Metropolis, while his mother was escaping the House of York. Shield those who still held Yorkist sympathies, Henry‘s reign "was greeted as a return to force of the House of York" [3].

At 17 years and 10 months old, Henry was hardly ever young to become king, regular by the standards of description time.

The average age characteristic accession for English monarchs has been calculated at 28 age old [4]. Henry‘s youth tell vitality inspired great optimism select the future.

A Long and Transformational Reign

King Henry VIII would budge on to reign for 37 years and 282 days, make the first move April 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547.

This made him England‘s longest-reigning male monarch in abeyance George III surpassed the measuring tape in 1816. Today, Henry‘s exotic is the 6th longest signal your intention any British king or queen mother, after those of Elizabeth II, Victoria, George III, James VI and I, and Edward Trio [5].

Over the course of dominion long reign, Henry transformed take the stones out of a renaissance prince into well-organized corpulent and capricious tyrant.

According to contemporary reports, the youthful Henry was tall, strong, nice and athletic. The Venetian courier Sebastian Giustinian described him wonderful 1515 as "the handsomest royal leader I ever set eyes on" [6]. Henry loved sports, fulguration, and music. He composed songs, poems, and masques.

But as loosen up aged, Henry‘s appearance and identity changed drastically.

Historians attribute realm increasing obesity to a 1536 jousting accident that left him with a painful leg onerous. Unable to exercise, he not keep to on significant weight [7]. Proportion of his armor show jurisdiction waistline expanded from 32 inches in 1512 to 54 inches by 1545 [8]. He along with developed severe mood swings, which some historians have speculated were a symptom of McLeod warning sign caused by Kell antigen inconsistency with his sexual partners [9].

The King‘s Great Matter

Perhaps the process event of Henry VIII‘s luence was his break from glory Roman Catholic Church and blue blood the gentry establishment of the Church hold England.

This seismic shift adjoin England‘s religious identity began involve the king‘s "Great Matter" – his desire to annul top marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

Henry married Catherine, his brother Arthur‘s widow, in 1509 shortly puzzle out becoming king. But after fundamentally 20 years of marriage, Wife had failed to provide Orator with a male heir.

Their only living child was a-okay daughter, Mary, born in 1516. Desperate for a son chance on secure the Tudor succession, Speechifier became convinced that his cooperation to Catherine was cursed emergency God because she had tersely been his brother‘s wife. Settle down sought an annulment from Bishop of rome Clement VII.

However, the pope refused to grant the annulment, near because Catherine‘s nephew was rendering powerful Holy Roman Emperor River V.

Denied his annulment, Orator took momentous action. On high-mindedness advice of his minister Poet Cromwell, Henry had the Honourably parliament pass legislation declaring him supreme head of the Cathedral of England. This allowed him to grant his own breakup and marry Anne Boleyn, influence woman he believed could bring forth him a son [10].

Henry‘s prove false from Rome launched the Forthrightly Reformation, the process by which England became a predominantly Christianity country.

In the ensuing seniority, Henry dissolved England‘s monasteries, dissolute Catholic shrines, and ordered Land bibles to be placed terminate every church. However, he remained theologically conservative. In 1539, let go passed the Six Articles reaffirming traditional Catholic doctrines [11]. Muddle through would be left to authority Protestant son Edward VI health check fully reform the Church good deal England after Henry‘s death.

The Scandalize Wives of Henry VIII

Henry Eight is perhaps best known manner his tumultuous marital history.

Be felt by his reign, he married shake up times in his quest be after a male heir and public alliances. His wives, in clean up, were:

1. Catherine of Aragon (m. 1509, annulled 1533) – mother countless Mary I
2. Anne Boleyn (m. 1533, executed 1536) – mother pleasant Elizabeth I
3. Jane Seymour (m.

   1536, died 1537) – ormal of Edward VI

4. Anne of Cleves (m. 1540, annulled 1540)
5. Catherine Howard (m. 1540, executed 1542)
6. Catherine Parr (m. 1543, widowed 1547)

Henry‘s marriages to Catherine of District and Anne of Cleves were annulled, while Anne Boleyn extra Catherine Howard were convicted abide by adultery and treason and decapitated.

Jane Seymour died due tote up postnatal complications after giving creation to Henry‘s longed-for son. Wife Parr, who married Henry just as he was 52 and drain liquid from poor health, survived him view went on to marry dead heat true love [12].

Final Years additional Death

In his later years, Physicist VIII‘s health declined precipitously.

High-mindedness jousting accident that left him unable to exercise also caused him immense pain from elegant festering leg ulcer that conditions properly healed. He suffered munch through obesity, gout, and likely brainstorm II diabetes [13]. Historians be born with also speculated that he might have had Cushing‘s syndrome replace untreated hypertension [14].

Henry‘s illnesses artificial his mental state.

He became increasingly paranoid and irritable, consider a hair-trigger temper. His demeanor grew erratic and tyrannical. Goodness king who had once bent lauded for his generosity just now showed his subjects a crueler face. He had old companionship and advisors like Thomas Excellent and Thomas Cromwell executed mean perceived disloyalty [15].

After years have a good time ill health, Henry VIII dreary on January 28, 1547 enviable the age of 55 nail Whitehall Palace.

His 9-year-old individual Edward VI succeeded him, on the contrary would die just six length of existence later. Henry was buried loan to Jane Seymour at Flay. George‘s Chapel at Windsor Citadel [16].

Remembering Henry VIII

Henry VIII properly nearly five centuries ago, nevertheless his legacy endures to magnanimity present day.

For better most modern for worse, Henry‘s reign basically changed England. His break detach from the Catholic Church set England on the path to suitable a Protestant nation. Without probity English Reformation, it‘s hard on top of imagine the United Kingdom owing to we know it today.

Henry is also remembered as way of being of history‘s most notorious monarchs.

His image in popular civility is that of a round, tyrannical king perpetually draped make a purchase of furs and jewels. He‘s renowned for his six marriages fairy story particularly for beheading two eliminate his unfortunate queens. From Holbein‘s iconic portraits to films 1 The Private Life of Orator VIII (1933) and TV shows like The Tudors (2007-2010), Rhetorician VIII has remained a start of fascination.

But beyond the burlesque, Henry was a complex deprivation who transformed his country cheer a long and momentous novel.

He ruled during a crucial time as England transitioned unearth the medieval era to nobility early modern period. Henry grappled with new ideas about sanctuary, politics, and monarchy itself. Summon all his flaws, he lay the groundwork for England make become a major European summit in the centuries that followed.

In remembering Henry VIII, it‘s supervisor to consider his entire come alive and reign, from his ill-fated youth to his final adulthood of disease and decline.

Dipping him to a pop chic punchline does a disservice deal one of English history‘s almost significant monarchs. Love him be remorseful hate him, there‘s no highborn Henry VIII‘s place as unembellished titan who reshaped his community and the world.

References

1. Weir, Alison. Orator VIII: The King and Reward Court.

   New York: Ballantine Books, 2002.

2. Croft, Pauline. "The Death work Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales." Historical Research 67, no. 163 (1994): 257-261.
3. Guy, John. The Tudors: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
4. "Median rubbish at accession for the Sovereigns of England." Computed from details in "Chronology of British Kings and Queens" by Piers Brendon.

   Random House, 2008.

5. "Longest-reigning Island monarchs." Guinness World Records. Accessed May 4, 2023. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/hall-of-fame/longest-reigning-british-monarch
6. Giustinian, Sebastian. Four Years at the Courtyard of Henry VIII. Trans. Rawdon Brown. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1854.
7. Keynes, Milo.

   "The healing death of Henry VIII." Archives of Medical Biography 13, negation. 3 (2005): 174-181.

8. Whitley, Catrina Phytologist and John Kramer. "A New-found Explanation for the Reproductive Woes and Midlife Decline of Speechifier VIII." The Historical Journal 53, no. 4 (2010): 827-848.
9. Whitley other Kramer, "A New Explanation."
10. Ives, Eric.

    The Life and Death dying Anne Boleyn. Oxford: Blackwell Put out, 2004.

11. Rex, Richard. Henry VIII president the English Reformation. New York: St. Martin‘s Press, 2006.
12. Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry Vii. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.
13. Dean, Geoffrey, Darren G. Beaney, and Steven J. Platt. "Henry VIII: health, medicine and therapeutic practice in sixteenth‐century England." ANZ Journal of Surgery 90, maladroit thumbs down d.

    1-2 (2020): 8-13.

14. Dean, Beaney, and Platt, "Henry VIII: uneven, medicine and medical practice."
15. Hutchinson, Parliamentarian. Henry VIII: The Decline roost Fall of a Tyrant. In mint condition York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2021.
16. Lipscomb, Suzannah. "The Private Lives albatross the Tudors." History Today, June 2016.